Uncategorized – Chuushaku

Take the question word, e. g. だれ and add も and use with negative verb to say “nobody” etc.

Take the question word, e. g. だれ and add でも and use with positive verb to say “anybody” etc.

だれ = who
だれも = nobody/not anybody. だれも来ませんでした = nobody came
だれでも = anybody/anyone. だれでもできます = anyone can do it

なに = what
なにも = nothing/not anything. I don’t eat anything = nanimo tabemasen
なんでも= anything

どこ = where
どこも = nowhere/not anywhere. I didn’t go anywhere = dokomo ikimasendeshita
どこでも = anywhere. どこでもいいです = anywhere ist fine

いつ = when
Only with でも: いつでも = anytime
Not with いつ (いつも = always)

Building from -masu form:

Part before -masu is ending in an i-sound: Replace part before -masu and masu itself with…

…い, ち, り: って (kaimasu -> katte, machimasu -> matte, torimasu -> totte) dictionary form: u/tsu/ru -> tte, iku -> itte
…に, び, み: んで (shinimasu -> shinde, asobimasu -> asonde, yomimasu -> yonde) dictionary form: mu/bu/nu -> nde
…き: いて (kikimasu -> kiite) dictionary form: ku -> ite, kuru -> kite
…ぎ: いで (oyogimasu -> oyoide) dictionary form: gu -> ide
…し: して (hanashimasu -> hanashite) dictionary form: suru -> shite, su -> shite

Part before -masu is ending in an e-sound (て, え),
part before -masu is only one Hiragana,
or a few “disguised” words: Just add て instead of masu.

Exceptions:

きます (to come): きて
します (to do): して
also when combining a noun with shimasu, e.g. benkyoushimasu -> benkyoushite

te-form links actions, events, and states
[verb] て [verb] = and (eg. I wake up and eat)
if the two actions are overlapping, it is simultaneous: literally “I run and go to school” rather means “I go to school by running” – main action and sub action
connect adjectives: the room is quiet and spacious
can also mean “so” instead of “and”: I had a headache so I couldn’t sleep
te form at the end of sentence = command/request (casual). Add ください to soften or make formal.
て + います: am doing right now. 食べています = (I) am eating
て + いいですか = asking for permission. 食べていいですか = can (I) eat?
て + はいけません = cannot do something (rule). 食べてはいけません = (you) cannot eat
て + ください: please [verb]. 食べてください = please eat

Category: Uncategorized