は (spoken “wa” not “ha”) = “as for”, “is”… Jo は student desu = as for Jo, he is a student
neko は kawaii desu = as for the cat, it is cute = The cat is cute.
は is placed after the subject.
Subject + は = as for [subject] / [subject] is…
Make it a question:
neko は ikura desu ka? = as for the cat, how much is it? = How much is the cat?
が is basically the same, but stresses the subject (the part BEFORE が). は stresses the part AFTER the は
は talks about something.
watashi は Jo desu = I am Jo
が identifies something.
watashi が Jo desu! = I am Jo
Use も instead of は to say “also” / “too”.
この ねこ は かわいい です。その いぬ も かわいい です。
this cat is cute. that dog is cute, too.