は (pronounced “wa”): topic marker (“as for X, …”) presents the topic you want to talk about
を (pronounced “o”): indicates direct object = what is involved/affected by the event. used with verbs. ほん を よみます = I read a book
に: movement and time. 日本 に いきます = I go to Japan. Used for months/days of the weeks and numerical time expressions but not for relative time expressions (today, tomorrow), regular intervals (every day, sometimes) and “when” (いつ). Time: ごる or ごるに instead of に = approximately (12:00 ごるに = at about 12:00)
に : between な-Adjectives + noun = Adverb. しずか に のみました = drank quietly
ヘ (pronounced “e”): for movement equal to に (but not for time!)
で: place. うち で = at home
も: also. 私も日本人です = i am also japanese
も: questionword + も = strong negation. こうえんに何もありません = in the park is nothing. 木の下にだれもいません = nobody is under the tree.
と: and. そこ に 本 と 木 です = there is a book and a tree